Handle quarters in native queries (#23368)

MBQL goes through a different path. This is only for native
queries. Also the diff is huge. Ignoring whitespace shows a very modest
diff:

```diff
    "month"   {:unit-range month-range
               :to-period  t/months}
+   "quarter" {:unit-range relative-quarter-range
+              :to-period  (comp t/months (partial * 3))}
    "year"    {:unit-range year-range
               :to-period  t/years}})

...

   "past2months~"   {:end "2016-06-30", :start "2016-04-01"}
   "past13months"   {:end "2016-05-31", :start "2015-05-01"}
+  "past2quarters"  {:end "2016-03-31", :start "2015-10-01"}
+  "past2quarters~" {:end "2016-06-30", :start "2015-10-01"}
   "past1years"     {:end "2015-12-31", :start "2015-01-01"}
   "past1years~"    {:end "2016-12-31", :start "2015-01-01"}
```

Helpful Testing Strategies
--------------------------

Sample DB
=========

`select id, created_at from orders where {{created_at}}`
and set a field filter of type "Date Filter"

Custom Table
============

Create a table that has entries in the middle of each quarter.

```sql
esting=# create table quarters (id serial primary key not null, description text, t timestamptz);
CREATE TABLE
testing=# insert into quarters (description, t) values ('Q1 2022', '2022-02-01'), ('Q2 2022', '2022-05-01'), ('Q3 2022', '2022-08-01'), ('Q4 2022', '2022-11-01');
INSERT 0 4
testing=# select * from quarters;
 id | description |           t
----+-------------+------------------------
  1 | Q1 2022     | 2022-02-01 00:00:00-06
  2 | Q2 2022     | 2022-05-01 00:00:00-05
  3 | Q3 2022     | 2022-08-01 00:00:00-05
  4 | Q4 2022     | 2022-11-01 00:00:00-05
(4 rows)
```

Before this change
------------------

> Cannot invoke "clojure.lang.IFn.invoke(Object)" because "to_period" is null

(note, if you cannot reproduce this its because you haven't gotten
https://github.com/metabase/metabase/pull/23346 in your local version
which ensured errors always appear as errors on the frontend. java 11
has no message for NPE so the Frontend missed it was an error and
displayed no results as if the query had succeeded)

This was the case for the following scenarios:
- "last1quarters"
- "last1quarters~"
- "thisquarter"
- "next1quarters"
- "next1quarters~"

where the ~ means to include the current quarter.

After this change
-----------------

Running the queries against the custom table I made (current time is Jun
15, Q2)

- "last1quarters": "Q1 2022" "February 1, 2022, 6:00 AM"
- "last1quarters~": "Q1 2022" "February 1, 2022, 6:00 AM" | "Q2 2022" "May 1, 2022, 5:00 AM"
- "thisquarter": "Q2 2022" "May 1, 2022, 5:00 AM"
- "next1quarters" "Q3 2022" "August 1, 2022, 5:00 AM"
- "next1quarters~": "Q2 2022" "May 1, 2022, 5:00 AM" | "Q3 2022" "August 1, 2022, 5:00 AM"

And of course added tests into the matrix for the date parsing.