[perf] Better CLJC memoization; bounded strategy, fast versions (#46199)

Expands and refactors `metabase.util.memoize` to support better cross-platform memoization.

**Better basic memoization**

Use `clojure.core.memoize/memo` (and its clone in CLJS) rather than `clojure.core/memoize` for
the "everything forever" strategy.

**Bounded memoization**

There are a few places (eg. `u/kebab-case-en`) where we want zero-overhead *hits* and expect the input space
to be fixed. To guard against runaway memory usage, this **bounded** strategy dumps the entire cache when it
overflows. It logs an INFO level note when that happens - the intent here is that the threshold should never
actually get hit!

**Fast JVM versions**

In the special case where the function to memoize takes exactly 1 argument which is a valid map key, we can
use `ConcurrentHashMap.computeIfAbsent` as the basis of the cache and have much less overhead.

`fast-memo` and `fast-bounded` implement this in CLJ; in CLJS they just call `memo` and `bounded`.