Serdes v2: Handle other embedded MBQL fragments (#24537)

This PR handles the other JSON-encoded MBQL snippets I was able to find.

These snippets contain `Table` and `Field` IDs, and so are not portable. These
fields are expanded during serialization and the IDs replaced with portable
references, then converted back in deserialization.

Note that the referenced field must already be loaded before it has a valid ID.
`serdes-dependencies` defines this order, therefore each entity depends on those
tables and fields referenced in its MBQL fragments.

The complete set of fields I found to convert:

- `Metric.definition`
- `Segment.definition`
- `DashboardCard.parameter_mappings`
- `Card.parameter_mappings`