Maintain user-level state in dashboards for filters (#39813)

e2e/test/scenarios/dashboard-cards/click-behavior.cy.spec.js

...s/dashboard-filters-sql-required-simple-filter.cy.spec.js

e2e/test/scenarios/dashboard-filters/parameters.cy.spec.js

...ductions/22788-flter-cc-dropped-on-second-edit.cy.spec.js

...ns/24500-gracefully-deal-with-corrupted-filter.cy.spec.js

.../src/metabase-lib/v1/parameters/utils/parameter-values.js

...ase-lib/v1/parameters/utils/parameter-values.unit.spec.js

frontend/src/metabase-types/api/dashboard.ts

frontend/src/metabase-types/api/mocks/dashboard.ts

...end/src/metabase/dashboard/actions/data-fetching-typed.ts

frontend/src/metabase/dashboard/actions/parameters.ts

...metabase/dashboard/components/DashboardTabs/test-utils.ts

...end/src/metabase/parameters/components/ParametersList.jsx

frontend/src/metabase/parameters/utils/parameter-values.ts

...c/metabase/parameters/utils/parameter-values.unit.spec.js