MLv2: Finish porting query description generation (#29507)

src/metabase/lib/metadata/calculation.cljc

src/metabase/lib/metadata/graph_provider.cljc

src/metabase/lib/metadata/jvm.clj

src/metabase/lib/metadata/protocols.cljc

src/metabase/lib/metric.cljc

src/metabase/lib/order_by.cljc

src/metabase/lib/query.cljc

src/metabase/lib/segment.cljc

src/metabase/lib/stage.cljc

src/metabase/lib/table.cljc

src/metabase/models/metric.clj

src/metabase/models/segment.clj

test/metabase/api/metric_test.clj

test/metabase/api/query_description_test.clj

test/metabase/api/segment_test.clj

test/metabase/lib/breakout_test.cljc

test/metabase/lib/metadata/cached_provider_test.cljc

test/metabase/lib/test_metadata.cljc

test/metabase/models/metric_test.clj

test/metabase/models/segment_test.clj