Column extractions are "canned" expressions based on a column's
type. For example, we might extract the weekday from a temporal column,
or the domain from an email or URL column.

This logic already existed inside the `column-extract` drill; this pulls
it out as a top-level concept, since extractions are also being
integrated into the notebook editor apart from drills.

Part of the follow-up for Extract Column epic #38964.

* okta docs

* clarifying group mapping methods

* links

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bruemmer <jeff.bruemmer@gmail.com>

* review feedback

* Typo

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Co-authored-by: Jeff Bruemmer <jeff.bruemmer@gmail.com>

The drill-thru is mostly a stub to put an entry in the context menu. Most of the logic for this is built on the FE using the existing functions for consuming and creating expressions.

See [thread](https://metaboat.slack.com/archives/C06P22KS4JH/p1712264174056569) for a lot more context.

This also adds `docs/developer-guide/mbql-library-changelog.md` and documents adding this function to the library as the first change in the API. I'll follow up in another PR with Github automation to expect the changelog to be updated whenever `src/metabase/lib/js.cljs` changes.

Fixes #39978.

* note on model caching

* update link

* blockquote

* static embedding

* Update docs/embedding/start.md

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bruemmer <jeff.bruemmer@gmail.com>

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Co-authored-by: Jeff Bruemmer <jeff.bruemmer@gmail.com>

[P1 BUG FIX] Cumulative aggregations with multiple breakouts should reset counts when values of breakouts other than change (#41340)

* Fix add-alias-info matching for nominal field literal refs

* Minor cleanup

* Minimize diff

* A bit more cleanup

* Cumulative aggregations w/ multiple breakouts should reset counts (#2862)

* Update dox

* Do the nesting FIRST before adding alias info.

* Remove unused

* drop note on sandboxes

* model caching

* reinstate model caching sandbox warning

I have edited the list of "Download results."

* Use window functions for SQL drivers for cumulative count and sum

* H2/Snowflake/Redshift implementation

* Test fixes 

* Use SELECT expression positions as the default window function implementation

* Some test fixes.

* Fix bugs in add-alias-info

* MongoDB fixes

* Another pass

* BigQuery should use positions?

* BigQuery almost works 100% now.

* MLv2 fix conversion behavior for expressions with type info

* Add transformations for nesting cumulative aggregations in expressions

* Minor tweaks

* MLv2 should escape aliases using driver/escape-alias (dynamically bind this)

* Kondo fix

* Lint fixes 

* More test fixes and revert test changes

* Update some tests to use correct case for nominal Field literal refs

* Wow! BigQuery is fixed! Remove upgrade-field-literals middleware

* Disable tests for the failing drivers, we can fix in follow-on PRs.

* Enable BigQuery :window-functions

* Extra info

* Add GH issue numbers

* Update more GH issue numbers

* Fix SQL Server!!!! wooo

* I THOUGHT WE WERE DISABLING SPARK SQL!!!!!!!!!!1

* Cleanup to get things ready for review.

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Test fixes 

* Much simpler BigQuery implementation

* Add GH issue context

* Remove commented-out code

* Remove unused add-stage-at-index

* Documentation

* Test fix? 

* Test fix 

[Fixes #13922]

* Use window functions for SQL drivers for cumulative count and sum

* H2/Snowflake/Redshift implementation

* Test fixes 

* Use SELECT expression positions as the default window function implementation

* Some test fixes.

* Fix bugs in add-alias-info

* MongoDB fixes

* Another pass

* BigQuery should use positions?

* Disable tests for the failing drivers, we can fix in follow-on PRs.

* Extra info

* Add GH issue numbers

* Update more GH issue numbers

* Fix SQL Server!!!! wooo

* I THOUGHT WE WERE DISABLING SPARK SQL!!!!!!!!!!1

* Cleanup to get things ready for review.

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Test fix? 

* fix indent in referencing models

* remove syntax highlighting for now

* Remove old config + fix typo

* Add new analytics for 4 new illustration settings

* add link

* create HAR

* formatting

* periods

* more formatting

* feedback

* upgrades @testing-library/user-event to v14, updates test to accomidate events always returning promises and other breaking API changes

* Fixing up broken suites. Half way

* rest of tests

* green plz

* Fix new entries of userEvent usage

* unit test adjustments

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Co-authored-by: Nick Fitzpatrick <nickfitz.582@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Uladzimir Havenchyk <uladzimir.dev@gmail.com>