This standards on a "just maps" approach to returning disabled, disallowed, or failed query analysis. This is as opposed to the hodgepodge approach of significant `nil`, untagged unions with keywords, and exceptions.

Essentially we have a classic "either" style tagged union, where `:error` is the tag.

### Description

This is a low level step towards applying table-level permissions to native queries.

It replaces the more generic and powerful `:ast-walker-1` analyzer with the more conservative `:basic-select` version we recently landed. The advantage of this version is that it protects against dynamic table references and false negatives due to masking.

### Description

This change should fix some explosions in stats due to phantom fields, while also making things a bit more rigorous.

- Record the table schema in query_field - especially useful for unknown tables
- Allow null table names in query_field - they might be phantoms, or they might not
  - We still have the option to filter them out in tools we build on top
- Tighten up matching logic to consider schema

* Squash

* Clean up query modifier for validating card references (#46283)

* Fixup bad git merge on test expectation

* Tweak docstrings and de-densify logic

* Consolidate query analysis code

* Tighten up more

* Missed a spot

* More encapsulation

* Remove blank line