Column extractions are "canned" expressions based on a column's
type. For example, we might extract the weekday from a temporal column,
or the domain from an email or URL column.

This logic already existed inside the `column-extract` drill; this pulls
it out as a top-level concept, since extractions are also being
integrated into the notebook editor apart from drills.

Part of the follow-up for Extract Column epic #38964.

The drill-thru is mostly a stub to put an entry in the context menu. Most of the logic for this is built on the FE using the existing functions for consuming and creating expressions.

See [thread](https://metaboat.slack.com/archives/C06P22KS4JH/p1712264174056569) for a lot more context.

This also adds `docs/developer-guide/mbql-library-changelog.md` and documents adding this function to the library as the first change in the API. I'll follow up in another PR with Github automation to expect the changelog to be updated whenever `src/metabase/lib/js.cljs` changes.

Fixes #39978.

[P1 BUG FIX] Cumulative aggregations with multiple breakouts should reset counts when values of breakouts other than change (#41340)

* Fix add-alias-info matching for nominal field literal refs

* Minor cleanup

* Minimize diff

* A bit more cleanup

* Cumulative aggregations w/ multiple breakouts should reset counts (#2862)

* Update dox

* Do the nesting FIRST before adding alias info.

* Remove unused

* Use window functions for SQL drivers for cumulative count and sum

* H2/Snowflake/Redshift implementation

* Test fixes 

* Use SELECT expression positions as the default window function implementation

* Some test fixes.

* Fix bugs in add-alias-info

* MongoDB fixes

* Another pass

* BigQuery should use positions?

* BigQuery almost works 100% now.

* MLv2 fix conversion behavior for expressions with type info

* Add transformations for nesting cumulative aggregations in expressions

* Minor tweaks

* MLv2 should escape aliases using driver/escape-alias (dynamically bind this)

* Kondo fix

* Lint fixes 

* More test fixes and revert test changes

* Update some tests to use correct case for nominal Field literal refs

* Wow! BigQuery is fixed! Remove upgrade-field-literals middleware

* Disable tests for the failing drivers, we can fix in follow-on PRs.

* Enable BigQuery :window-functions

* Extra info

* Add GH issue numbers

* Update more GH issue numbers

* Fix SQL Server!!!! wooo

* I THOUGHT WE WERE DISABLING SPARK SQL!!!!!!!!!!1

* Cleanup to get things ready for review.

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Test fixes 

* Much simpler BigQuery implementation

* Add GH issue context

* Remove commented-out code

* Remove unused add-stage-at-index

* Documentation

* Test fix? 

* Test fix 

[Fixes #13922]

* Use window functions for SQL drivers for cumulative count and sum

* H2/Snowflake/Redshift implementation

* Test fixes 

* Use SELECT expression positions as the default window function implementation

* Some test fixes.

* Fix bugs in add-alias-info

* MongoDB fixes

* Another pass

* BigQuery should use positions?

* Disable tests for the failing drivers, we can fix in follow-on PRs.

* Extra info

* Add GH issue numbers

* Update more GH issue numbers

* Fix SQL Server!!!! wooo

* I THOUGHT WE WERE DISABLING SPARK SQL!!!!!!!!!!1

* Cleanup to get things ready for review.

* Snowflake + Vertica shouldn't use output column numbers for ORDER BY in OVER

* Code cleanup

* Test fix? 

* upgrades @testing-library/user-event to v14, updates test to accomidate events always returning promises and other breaking API changes

* Fixing up broken suites. Half way

* rest of tests

* green plz

* Fix new entries of userEvent usage

* unit test adjustments

---------

Co-authored-by: Nick Fitzpatrick <nickfitz.582@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Uladzimir Havenchyk <uladzimir.dev@gmail.com>

* Wow

* Test fix 

* Fixes

* Actions should use strings for column names (fix :update-row and :create-row normalization)

* MLv2 schema should check against keys for the other query type

* Ok, have I fixed things?

* More fixes 

* Fix indentation

* Another round of test fixes. 

* Hopefully the last few test fixes 

* We need to test normalization for queries that have keyword keys as well.

* Fix Cljs i18n namespaces

* Sort namespaces

* Only test against H2

* Rename `metabase.mbql` to `metabase.legacy-mbql`

* Fix Kondo warnings

* Test fixes 

* Register MBQL clause schemas and test fixes 

* Test fixes and PR feedback

* Test fix

* Remove the normalization tests

* Test fixes 

* Fix kondo

* Fix import

* Another fix 

* Merge

* FIXES

* Add another missing REQUIRE

* Rename :model/Metric to :model/LegacyMetric
* Rename ::lib.schema.metadata/metric tp ::lib.schema.metadata/legacy-metric
* Rename models.metric/Metric to models.metric/LegacyMetric
* Move /api/metric endpoints to /api/legacy-metric

Contains two child PRs:

* Optimize upload type inference (#39741)
* Take upload settings as an argument for easier testing (#39706)

* add an api change log about replacing report_card.dataset with report_card.type

* Update docs/developers-guide/api-changelog.md

* Add section about `Lodash`

* Fix typo

* Expand the standard development flow section

* Expand the running options section

* Expand running on Docker section

* Add section for tests that require SMTP server

* Clarify the viewport resizing options

* Javascript -> JavaScript

* Delete redundant README section

* Explain `contains` vs `find` vs `get` better

* Add `align-temporal-unit-with-param-type-and-value` multimethod

* Fix tests and add a changelog entry

* Update the method docs

* Rearrange the default methods call order

* Revert formatting changes

* Move the clj-kondo ignore

* Update docs/developers-guide/driver-changelog.md

Co-authored-by: metamben <103100869+metamben@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: metamben <103100869+metamben@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fix query remarks on Snowflake

* Move docstrings out of defmethod

* Add test to Snowflake query remarks

* Improve test on Snowflake query remark

* Remove unnecessary comment